20";display:block;height:0;clear:both;visibility:hidden}.clearfix:before,.clearfix:after,.widget:before,.widget:after{content:' 20';display:block;overflow:hidden;visibility:hidden;width:0;height:0}.clearfix:after{clear:both}.clearfix{zoom:1}html,body,div,span,h1,h3,p,a,img,small,strong,b,i,ol,ul,li,label,article,aside,header,nav,section{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline}article,aside,header,nav,section{display:block}body{line-height:1em}ol,ul{list-style:none}*{box-sizing:border-box}html.responsive,.responsive body{overflow-x:hidden}body{font:13px/1.65em "HelveticaNeue","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#444;text-size-adjust:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}.georgia-websave{font-family:"Georgia","Times New Roman",Times,serif}h1,h3{font-weight:600}#top h3 a{font-weight:inherit;text-decoration:none;color:inherit}h1{font-size:34px;line-height:1.1em;margin-bottom:14px}h3{font-size:20px;line-height:1.1em;margin-bottom:8px}p{margin:.85em 0}p img{margin:0}strong,b{font-weight:700}small{font-size:80%}a{text-decoration:none;outline:0;max-width:100%;max-width:none}a:visited{outline:0;text-decoration:underline}p a,p a:visited{line-height:inherit}#top .avia_hidden_link_text{display:none}ul,ol{margin-bottom:20px}ul{list-style:none outside;margin-left:7px}ol{list-style:decimal;margin-left:15px}ul ul,ol ol{margin:4px 0 5px 30px}ul ul li,ol ol li{margin-bottom:6px}.entry-content-wrapper li{margin-left:1em;padding:3px 0}.entry-content-wrapper div li{text-indent:0}img,a img{border:none;padding:0;margin:0;display:inline-block;max-width:100%;height:auto}[data-av_icon]:before{-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;font-weight:400;content:attr(data-av_icon);speak:never}#top label{font-weight:700;font-size:.92em}#top label span{font-weight:400;font-size:13px;color:#444}.hidden{position:absolute;top:0;visibility:hidden}body .alignleft{float:left;margin:4px 10px 0 0;display:block;position:relative}#header{position:relative;z-index:501;width:100%;background:0 0}#header_main .container,.main_menu ul:first-child>li a{height:88px;line-height:88px}.html_header_top.html_header_sticky #main{padding-top:88px}.html_header_top.html_header_sticky #header{position:fixed}#header_main{border-bottom-width:1px;border-bottom-style:solid;z-index:1}.header_bg{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;opacity:.95;z-index:0;-webkit-perspective:1000px;-webkit-backface-visibility:hidden}.av_seperator_small_border .av-main-nav>li>a>.avia-menu-text{border-left-style:solid;border-left-width:1px;padding-left:13px;margin-left:-13px}.av_seperator_small_border .av-main-nav>li:first-child>a>.avia-menu-text{border-left:none}.av-hamburger{padding:0;display:inline-block;font:inherit;color:inherit;text-transform:none;background-color:transparent;border:0;margin:0;overflow:visible}.av-hamburger-box{width:35px;height:24px;display:inline-block;position:relative}.av-hamburger-inner{display:block;top:50%;margin-top:-2px}.av-hamburger-inner,.av-hamburger-inner:before,.av-hamburger-inner:after{width:40px;height:3px;background-color:#000;border-radius:3px;position:absolute}.av-hamburger-inner:before,.av-hamburger-inner:after{content:"";display:block}.av-hamburger-inner:before{top:-10px}.av-hamburger-inner:after{bottom:-10px}.av-burger-menu-main{display:none}.av-burger-menu-main a{padding-left:10px}.av-hamburger strong{display:none}.av-hamburger-box{height:8px}.av-hamburger-inner,.av-hamburger-inner:before,.av-hamburger-inner:after{width:100%}div .logo{float:left;position:absolute;left:0;z-index:1}.logo,.logo a{overflow:hidden;position:relative;display:block;height:100%}.logo img{padding:0;display:block;width:auto;height:auto;max-height:100%;image-rendering:auto;position:relative;z-index:2;height:100%;height:auto}.main_menu{clear:none;position:absolute;z-index:100;line-height:30px;height:100%;margin:0;right:0}.av-main-nav-wrap{float:left;position:relative;z-index:3}.av-main-nav-wrap ul{margin:0;padding:0}.av-main-nav{z-index:110;position:relative}.av-main-nav ul{display:none;margin-left:0;left:0;position:absolute;top:100%;width:208px;z-index:2;padding:0;box-shadow:0 8px 15px rgba(0,0,0,.1);margin-top:-1px}.av-main-nav ul li{margin:0;padding:0;width:100%}.av-main-nav ul li a{border-right-style:solid;border-right-width:1px;border-left-style:solid;border-left-width:1px}.av-main-nav ul li:last-child>a{border-bottom-style:solid;border-bottom-width:1px}.av-main-nav li{float:left;position:relative;z-index:20}.av-main-nav>li>ul{border-top-width:2px;border-top-style:solid}.av-main-nav>li{line-height:30px}.av-main-nav li a{max-width:none}.av-main-nav>li>a{display:block;text-decoration:none;padding:0 13px;font-weight:400;font-weight:600;font-size:13px}#top .av-main-nav ul a{width:100%;height:auto;float:left;text-align:left;line-height:23px;padding:8px 15px;font-size:12px;min-height:23px;max-width:none;text-decoration:none;font-family:inherit}.avia-menu-fx{position:absolute;bottom:-1px;height:2px;z-index:10;width:100%;left:0;opacity:0;visibility:hidden}.avia-menu-fx .avia-arrow-wrap{height:10px;width:10px;position:absolute;top:-10px;left:50%;margin-left:-5px;overflow:hidden;display:none;visibility:hidden}.avia-menu-fx .avia-arrow-wrap .avia-arrow{top:10px}.html_main_nav_header.html_logo_left #top .main_menu .menu>li:last-child>a{padding-right:0}.main_menu .avia-bullet{display:none}.avia-bullet{display:block;position:absolute;height:0;width:0;top:51%;margin-top:-3px;left:-3px;border-top:3px solid transparent!important;border-bottom:3px solid transparent!important;border-left:3px solid green}#top #menu-item-search{z-index:100}#top .menu-item-search-dropdown>a,.iconfont{font-size:17px}#top #menu-item-search.menu-item-search-dropdown>a{border-left:none}.avia-arrow{height:10px;width:10px;position:absolute;top:-6px;left:50%;margin-left:-5px;transform:rotate(45deg);border-width:1px;border-style:solid;visibility:hidden}.content,.sidebar{padding-top:50px;padding-bottom:50px;box-sizing:content-box;min-height:1px;z-index:1}#top #main .sidebar{border-left-style:solid;border-left-width:1px;margin-left:0;float:none;width:auto;overflow:hidden;display:block;clear:none}.inner_sidebar{margin-left:50px}.content{border-right-style:solid;border-right-width:1px;margin-right:-1px}.content .entry-content-wrapper{padding-right:50px}.container .minor-meta{font-size:.9em}.post{clear:both;width:100%;float:left;position:relative}.small-preview .iconfont{font-size:23px;position:absolute;left:0;right:0;top:0;bottom:0;z-index:1}.entry-content-wrapper .post-title{font-size:21px;line-height:1.3em}#top .avia-post-nav{position:fixed;height:110px;top:50%;background:#aaa;background:rgba(0,0,0,.1);color:#fff;margin-top:-55px;padding:15px;text-decoration:none;z-index:501;transform:translate3d(0,0,0)}.avia-post-nav .label{position:absolute;top:50%;height:22px;line-height:22px;margin-top:-11px;font-size:24px}.avia-post-nav .entry-image{height:80px;width:80px;display:block}.avia-post-nav .entry-image img{border-radius:100px;display:block}.avia-post-prev{left:0;border-top-right-radius:4px;border-bottom-right-radius:4px}.avia-post-prev .label{left:10px}.avia-post-next{right:0;border-top-left-radius:4px;border-bottom-left-radius:4px}.avia-post-next .label{right:10px}.avia-post-next.with-image{text-align:right}.avia-post-nav .entry-info{display:block;height:80px;width:220px;display:table}.avia-post-next .entry-info{margin:0 20px 0 1px}.avia-post-prev .entry-info{margin:0 1px 0 20px}.avia-post-nav .entry-info span{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;font-size:13px;line-height:1.65em}.avia-post-nav .entry-info-wrap{width:1px;overflow:hidden;display:block}.widgettitle{font-weight:600;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:1.1em}.widget{clear:both;position:relative;padding:30px 0;float:none}#scroll-top-link{position:fixed;border-radius:2px;height:50px;width:50px;line-height:50px;text-decoration:none;text-align:center;opacity:0;right:50px;bottom:50px;z-index:1030;visibility:hidden}#socket .avia-bullet,#socket .avia-menu-fx{display:none}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){#top .header_color .header_bg,#top .main_color{background-attachment:scroll}}@media only screen and (max-width:989px){.responsive #top .avia-post-prev{left:0}.responsive #top .avia-post-next{right:0}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px) and (max-width:989px){.responsive .main_menu ul:first-child>li>a{padding:0 10px}.responsive #top .header_bg{opacity:1}.responsive #main .container_wrap:first-child{border-top:none}.responsive .logo{float:left}.responsive .logo img{margin:0}}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){.responsive .template-blog .blog-meta,.responsive .post_author_timeline,.responsive #top #main .sidebar{display:none}.responsive .content .entry-content-wrapper{padding:0}.responsive .content{border:none}.responsive #top .avia-post-nav{display:none}.responsive #top #wrap_all #header{position:relative;width:100%;float:none;height:auto;margin:0!important;opacity:1;min-height:0}.responsive #top #main{padding-top:0!important;margin:0}.responsive #top #main .container_wrap:first-child{border-top:none}.responsive #top .logo{position:static;display:table;height:80px!important;float:none;padding:0;border:none;width:80%}.responsive .logo a{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.responsive .logo img{height:auto!important;width:auto;max-width:100%;display:block;max-height:80px}.responsive #header_main .container{height:auto!important}.responsive #top .header_bg{opacity:1}.responsive .logo img{margin:0}.responsive .av-burger-menu-main{display:block}.responsive #top #wrap_all .main_menu{top:0;height:80px;left:auto;right:0;display:block;position:absolute}.responsive .main_menu ul:first-child>li a{height:80px;line-height:80px}.responsive #top .av-main-nav .menu-item{display:none}.responsive #top .av-main-nav .menu-item-avia-special{display:block}.responsive #top #wrap_all .menu-item-search-dropdown>a{font-size:24px}.responsive #top .av-logo-container .avia-menu{height:100%}.responsive #top #header_main>.container .main_menu .av-main-nav>li>a,.responsive #top #wrap_all .av-logo-container{height:80px;line-height:80px}.responsive #top #wrap_all .av-logo-container{padding:0}.responsive #top #header_main>.container .main_menu .av-main-nav>li>a{min-width:0;padding:0 0 0 20px;margin:0;border-style:none;border-width:0}.responsive #top #header .av-main-nav>li>a{background:0 0;color:inherit}.responsive #scroll-top-link{display:none}}.template-blog .blog-meta{float:left;margin-right:50px}.single-small .post_author_timeline{position:absolute;top:0;left:40px;width:1px;height:100%;border-right-width:1px;border-right-style:dashed}.single-post .post_author_timeline{display:none}.small-preview{width:81px;height:81px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:4px;float:left;margin:6px 0 0;position:relative;text-align:center;line-height:81px;position:relative;z-index:4;display:block}.small-preview img{display:block;border-radius:4px;position:relative;z-index:4;width:100%}.single-post .single-small.with-slider .small-preview{width:180px;height:180px}.single-post .single-small.with-slider .post_author_timeline{display:none}.html_elegant-blog #top .post-entry .post-title{text-align:center;font-size:30px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:0 0 15px;letter-spacing:2px;line-height:1.3em;margin-bottom:10px}.html_elegant-blog #top .post-entry .blog-categories{text-align:center;display:block;font-weight:700;position:relative}.html_elegant-blog #top .post-entry .minor-meta{text-transform:uppercase}.html_elegant-blog .av-vertical-delimiter{display:block;margin:0 auto;width:40px;border-top-width:3px;border-top-style:solid;padding-bottom:16px}.html_elegant-blog .single-small .post_author_timeline{border-right-style:solid}#reply-title{font-weight:600;letter-spacing:1px}#reply-title small,#commentform label{font-size:.85em;display:block;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none;padding-top:8px;line-height:1.5em;font-weight:400}.comment_meta_container{clear:both;float:none}#cancel-comment-reply-link{display:inline-block;font-size:10px}#commentform p{position:relative;padding:0 0 10px;margin:0}#reply-title small a{float:right}#commentform label{position:absolute;left:245px;font-size:11px;top:0;font-weight:700}.comment-notes,#commentform .comment-form-comment label{display:none}#reply-title{display:none}#reply-title small{display:inline}.template-blog .post .entry-content-wrapper{overflow:hidden}ol,ul{box-sizing:border-box}.entry-content{counter-reset:footnotes}:root{--wp--preset--font-size--normal:16px;--wp--preset--font-size--huge:42px}:root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square:1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3:4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4:3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2:3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3:2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9:16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16:9/16;--wp--preset--color--black:#000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray:#abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white:#fff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink:#f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red:#cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange:#ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber:#fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan:#7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan:#00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue:#8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue:#0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple:#9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--metallic-red:#b02b2c;--wp--preset--color--maximum-yellow-red:#edae44;--wp--preset--color--yellow-sun:#ee2;--wp--preset--color--palm-leaf:#83a846;--wp--preset--color--aero:#7bb0e7;--wp--preset--color--old-lavender:#745f7e;--wp--preset--color--steel-teal:#5f8789;--wp--preset--color--raspberry-pink:#d65799;--wp--preset--color--medium-turquoise:#4ecac2;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple:linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,#9b51e0 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan:linear-gradient(135deg,#7adcb4 0%,#00d082 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange:linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red:linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,#cf2e2e 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray:linear-gradient(135deg,#eee 0%,#a9b8c3 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum:linear-gradient(135deg,#4aeadc 0%,#9778d1 20%,#cf2aba 40%,#ee2c82 60%,#fb6962 80%,#fef84c 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple:linear-gradient(135deg,#ffceec 0%,#9896f0 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux:linear-gradient(135deg,#fecda5 0%,#fe2d2d 50%,#6b003e 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk:linear-gradient(135deg,#ffcb70 0%,#c751c0 50%,#4158d0 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean:linear-gradient(135deg,#fff5cb 0%,#b6e3d4 50%,#33a7b5 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass:linear-gradient(135deg,#caf880 0%,#71ce7e 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight:linear-gradient(135deg,#020381 0%,#2874fc 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small:1rem;--wp--preset--font-size--medium:1.125rem;--wp--preset--font-size--large:1.75rem;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large:clamp(1.75rem,3vw,2.25rem);--wp--preset--spacing--20:.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30:.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40:1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50:1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60:2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70:3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80:5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural:6px 6px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep:12px 12px 50px rgba(0,0,0,.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp:6px 6px 0px rgba(0,0,0,.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined:6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255,255,255,1),6px 6px rgba(0,0,0,1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp:6px 6px 0px rgba(0,0,0,1)}:root{--wp--style--global--content-size:800px;--wp--style--global--wide-size:1130px}body{padding-top:0;padding-right:0;padding-bottom:0;padding-left:0}.gg-math-minus{position:relative;transform:scale(var(--ggs,1));width:16px;height:2px}.gg-math-minus,.gg-math-plus,.gg-math-plus:after{box-sizing:border-box;display:block;background:currentColor;border-radius:10px}.gg-math-plus{margin-top:-2px;position:relative;transform:scale(var(--ggs,1));width:16px;height:2px}.gg-math-plus:after{content:"";position:absolute;width:2px;height:16px;top:-7px;left:7px}:root{--jtoc-z-index:999;--jtoc-border-width:3px}.wpj-jtoc{margin-top:var(--jtoc-toc-root-margin-top,2rem);margin-bottom:var(--jtoc-toc-root-margin-bottom,2rem)}.wpj-jtoc::-webkit-scrollbar{width:4px;background-color:#0000000f}.wpj-jtoc::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{background:#00000029}div:not(.wpj-jtoc--widget-floating)>.wpj-jtoc--toc{width:var(--jtoc-width,auto)}.wpj-jtoc--toc{margin:var(--jtoc-toc-margin,0);padding:var(--jtoc-toc-padding,0);overflow:hidden;display:var(--jtoc-display,inline-block);min-width:var(--jtoc-min-width);max-width:var(--jtoc-max-width,100%);z-index:var(--jtoc-z-index);background-color:var(--jtoc-background-color,transparent);font-size:var(--jtoc-font-size);border-radius:var(--jtoc-toc-border-radius);border:var(--jtoc-toc-border);border-color:var(--jtoc-toc-border-color);box-shadow:var(--jtoc-toc-box-shadow);box-sizing:border-box}.wpj-jtoc--header{height:var(--jtoc-header-height,initial);margin:var(--jtoc-header-margin);padding:var(--jtoc-header-padding);background-color:var(--jtoc-header-background-color,inherit);border-radius:var(--jtoc-header-border-radius);border:var(--jtoc-header-border);color:var(--jtoc-header-color,inherit)}.wpj-jtoc--header-main{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;height:100%}.wpj-jtoc--header-main .wpj-jtoc--title{display:inline-block;flex:1}span.wpj-jtoc--title-label{color:var(--jtoc-title-color,inherit);font-size:var(--jtoc-title-font-size,inherit);font-weight:var(--jtoc-title-label-font-weight,inherit);font-style:var(--jtoc-title-label-font-style)}.wpj-jtoc--toggle-wrap{left:0;top:0;bottom:0;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;height:100%}.wpj-jtoc--toggle-icon{margin:0 16px;color:var(--jtoc-toggle-color,gray)}.wpj-jtoc--body{margin:var(--jtoc-body-margin,0);padding:var(--jtoc-body-padding,0);max-width:var(--jtoc-max-width,100%);background-color:var(--jtoc-body-background-color,inherit)}.wpj-jtoc--body::-webkit-scrollbar{width:4px;background-color:#0000000f}.wpj-jtoc--body::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{background:#00000029}.wpj-jtoc--body .wpj-jtoc--nav{display:block;position:relative;max-width:var(--jtoc-max-width,100%)}.wpj-jtoc--nav>.wpj-jtoc--items li{margin:0;padding:0;line-height:normal;background-color:var(--jtoc-headings-group-background-color,inherit)}.wpj-jtoc--toc ol.wpj-jtoc--items{list-style-type:none;margin:0;padding:0}.wpj-jtoc--toc ol.wpj-jtoc--items .wpj-jtoc--items{margin-left:var(--jtoc-hierarchy-offset,16px)}.wpj-jtoc--item .wpj-jtoc--item-content{display:flex;min-width:0;margin:var(--jtoc-headings-margin,0);padding:var(--jtoc-headings-padding,0);line-height:var(--jtoc-headings-line-height);font-size:var(--jtoc-headings-font-size);border-radius:var(--jtoc-headings-border-radius);color:var(--jtoc-headings-color);background-color:var(--jtoc-headings-background-color)}.wpj-jtoc--item .wpj-jtoc--item-content>a{margin:var(--jtoc-link-margin,0);padding:var(--jtoc-link-padding,0);text-overflow:inherit;outline:none!important;font-size:var(--jtoc-link-font-size);font-weight:var(--jtoc-link-font-weight);color:var(--jtoc-link-color,var(--jtoc-headings-color));background-color:var(--jtoc-link-background-color)}.wpj-jtoc--item .wpj-jtoc--item-content>a:before{color:var(--jtoc-numeration-color,var(--jtoc-link-color))}.wpj-jtoc--item .wpj-jtoc--item-content>a:visited{color:var(--jtoc-link-color,var(--jtoc-headings-color));background-color:var(--jtoc-link-background-color)}@media screen{.sidebar .widget:first-child{padding-top:0;border-top-style:none;border-top-width:0}.av_facebook_widget_wrap{overflow:hidden;position:relative;padding:0;background:#fff}}:root{--enfold-socket-color-bg:#11abd6;--enfold-socket-color-bg2:#109bc5;--enfold-socket-color-primary:#fff;--enfold-socket-color-secondary:#bde5f0;--enfold-socket-color-color:#fff;--enfold-socket-color-meta:#bde5f0;--enfold-socket-color-heading:#fff;--enfold-socket-color-border:#11abd6;--enfold-socket-color-constant-font:#11abd6;--enfold-socket-color-button-border:#ddd;--enfold-socket-color-button-border2:#9bc3d0;--enfold-socket-color-iconlist:#009ac5;--enfold-socket-color-timeline:#009ac5;--enfold-socket-color-timeline-date:#006792;--enfold-socket-color-masonry:#008ab4;--enfold-socket-color-stripe:#fff;--enfold-socket-color-stripe2:#fff;--enfold-socket-color-stripe2nd:#cef6f1;--enfold-socket-color-button-font:#11abd6;--enfold-footer-color-bg:#109bc5;--enfold-footer-color-bg2:#36a8c7;--enfold-footer-color-primary:#fff;--enfold-footer-color-secondary:#bde5f0;--enfold-footer-color-color:#fff;--enfold-footer-color-meta:#bde5f0;--enfold-footer-color-heading:#fff;--enfold-footer-color-border:#0f81a1;--enfold-footer-color-constant-font:#109bc5;--enfold-footer-color-button-border:#ddd;--enfold-footer-color-button-border2:#9bc3d0;--enfold-footer-color-iconlist:#0e7090;--enfold-footer-color-timeline:#0e7090;--enfold-footer-color-timeline-date:#0b4060;--enfold-footer-color-masonry:#2597b6;--enfold-footer-color-stripe:#fff;--enfold-footer-color-stripe2:#fff;--enfold-footer-color-stripe2nd:#cef6f1;--enfold-footer-color-button-font:#109bc5;--enfold-alternate-color-bg:#109bc5;--enfold-alternate-color-bg2:#0f81a1;--enfold-alternate-color-primary:#fff;--enfold-alternate-color-secondary:#bde5f0;--enfold-alternate-color-color:#fff;--enfold-alternate-color-meta:#bde5f0;--enfold-alternate-color-heading:#fff;--enfold-alternate-color-border:#83c7dc;--enfold-alternate-color-constant-font:#109bc5;--enfold-alternate-color-button-border:#ddd;--enfold-alternate-color-button-border2:#9bc3d0;--enfold-alternate-color-iconlist:#72b6cb;--enfold-alternate-color-timeline:#72b6cb;--enfold-alternate-color-timeline-date:#408398;--enfold-alternate-color-masonry:#0e7090;--enfold-alternate-color-stripe:#fff;--enfold-alternate-color-stripe2:#fff;--enfold-alternate-color-stripe2nd:#cef6f1;--enfold-alternate-color-button-font:#109bc5;--enfold-main-color-bg:#fff;--enfold-main-color-bg2:#f8f8f8;--enfold-main-color-primary:#109bc5;--enfold-main-color-secondary:#88bbc8;--enfold-main-color-color:#666;--enfold-main-color-meta:#919191;--enfold-main-color-heading:#222;--enfold-main-color-border:#e1e1e1;--enfold-main-color-constant-font:#fff;--enfold-main-color-button-border:#0079a3;--enfold-main-color-button-border2:#6699a6;--enfold-main-color-iconlist:#d0d0d0;--enfold-main-color-timeline:#d0d0d0;--enfold-main-color-timeline-date:#a0a0a0;--enfold-main-color-masonry:#e7e7e7;--enfold-main-color-stripe:#32bde7;--enfold-main-color-stripe2:#21acd6;--enfold-main-color-stripe2nd:#99ccd9;--enfold-main-color-button-font:#fff;--enfold-header-color-bg:#fff;--enfold-header-color-bg2:#f8f8f8;--enfold-header-color-primary:#109bc5;--enfold-header-color-secondary:#88bbc8;--enfold-header-color-color:#333;--enfold-header-color-meta:gray;--enfold-header-color-heading:#000;--enfold-header-color-border:#e1e1e1;--enfold-header-color-constant-font:#fff;--enfold-header-color-button-border:#0079a3;--enfold-header-color-button-border2:#6699a6;--enfold-header-color-iconlist:#d0d0d0;--enfold-header-color-timeline:#d0d0d0;--enfold-header-color-timeline-date:#a0a0a0;--enfold-header-color-masonry:#e7e7e7;--enfold-header-color-stripe:#32bde7;--enfold-header-color-stripe2:#21acd6;--enfold-header-color-stripe2nd:#99ccd9;--enfold-header-color-button-font:#fff;--enfold-header_burger_color:inherit;--enfold-header_replacement_menu_color:#fff;--enfold-header_replacement_menu_hover_color:inherit;--enfold-font-family-theme-body:"HelveticaNeue","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;--enfold-font-size-theme-content:13px;--enfold-font-size-theme-h1:34px;--enfold-font-size-theme-h2:28px;--enfold-font-size-theme-h3:20px;--enfold-font-size-theme-h4:18px;--enfold-font-size-theme-h5:16px;--enfold-font-size-theme-h6:14px;--enfold-font-size-content-font:16px}body{font-size:16px}.socket_color span{border-color:var(--enfold-socket-color-border)}.socket_color .avia-menu-fx,.socket_color .avia-menu-fx .avia-arrow{background-color:var(--enfold-socket-color-primary);color:var(--enfold-socket-color-constant-font);border-color:var(--enfold-socket-color-button-border)}.socket_color .avia-bullet{border-color:var(--enfold-socket-color-primary)}html,#scroll-top-link{background-color:var(--enfold-socket-color-bg)}#scroll-top-link{color:var(--enfold-socket-color-color);border:1px solid var(--enfold-socket-color-border)}.main_color,.main_color div,.main_color header,.main_color main,.main_color aside,.main_color article,.main_color nav,.main_color section,.main_color span,.main_color h1,.main_color h3,.main_color p,.main_color a,.main_color img,.main_color small,.main_color strong,.main_color b,.main_color i,.main_color ol,.main_color li,.main_color label,.main_color article,.main_color aside,.main_color header,.main_color nav,.main_color section{border-color:var(--enfold-main-color-border)}.main_color .small-preview{background:var(--enfold-main-color-meta);color:var(--enfold-main-color-bg)}.main_color,.main_color .post-format-icon{background-color:var(--enfold-main-color-bg);color:var(--enfold-main-color-color)}.main_color h1,.main_color h3{color:var(--enfold-main-color-heading)}.main_color .sidebar,.main_color .sidebar a,.main_color .minor-meta,.main_color .minor-meta a{color:var(--enfold-main-color-meta)}.main_color a,.main_color strong,.main_color b,.main_color b a,.main_color #commentform .required,.html_elegant-blog #top .main_color .blog-categories a{color:var(--enfold-main-color-primary)}.main_color .required{color:var(--enfold-main-color-primary)}#main{border-color:var(--enfold-main-color-border)}.html_stretched #wrap_all{background-color:var(--enfold-main-color-bg)}.header_color,.header_color div,.header_color nav,.header_color span,.header_color a,.header_color img,.header_color strong,.header_color ul,.header_color li,.header_color nav{border-color:var(--enfold-header-color-border)}.header_color{background-color:var(--enfold-header-color-bg);color:var(--enfold-header-color-color)}.header_color a,.header_color strong{color:var(--enfold-header-color-primary)}.header_color .avia-menu-fx,.header_color .avia-menu-fx .avia-arrow{background-color:var(--enfold-header-color-primary);color:var(--enfold-header-color-constant-font);border-color:var(--enfold-header-color-button-border)}.header_color .avia-bullet{border-color:var(--enfold-header-color-primary)}.html_header_top .header_color .main_menu ul:first-child>li>ul{border-top-color:var(--enfold-header-color-primary)}.header_color .header_bg,.header_color .main_menu ul ul,.header_color .main_menu .menu ul li a{background-color:var(--enfold-header-color-bg);color:var(--enfold-header-color-meta)}.header_color .main_menu ul:first-child>li>a{color:var(--enfold-header-color-meta)}#main{background-color:var(--enfold-header-color-bg)}.header_color .av-hamburger-inner,.header_color .av-hamburger-inner:before,.header_color .av-hamburger-inner:after{background-color:var(--enfold-header-color-meta)}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){.header_color div .av-hamburger-inner,.header_color div .av-hamburger-inner:before,.header_color div .av-hamburger-inner:after{background-color:var(--enfold-header-color-meta)}}body.georgia{font-family:'georgia',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}:root{--enfold-font-family-body:'georgia',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}.container{width:100%}.container .av-content-small.units{width:73%}.responsive .container{max-width:1310px}html #top .all_colors .widgettitle{border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:10px 0;border-left:none;border-right:none;margin-bottom:15px}#top #wrap_all .all_colors h3{font-size:25px;font-family:'caveat',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}#top #header .av-main-nav>li>a{color:#109bc5;background-color:#fff;font-size:14px}#top #header .av-main-nav>li>a .avia-menu-text{color:#109bc5}#top #wrap_all .all_colors h1,#top #wrap_all .all_colors h3{font-family:'caveat',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:lighter;text-transform:none}div.heateor_sss_sharing_ul a:link{text-decoration:none;background:transparent!important}.heateor_sss_vertical_sharing{-webkit-box-sizing:content-box!important;-moz-box-sizing:content-box!important}div.heateor_sss_sharing_ul{padding-left:0!important;margin:1px 0!important}div.heateor_sss_sharing_ul a:before{content:none!important}.heateor_sss_vertical_sharing{background:0 0;-webkit-box-shadow:0 1px 4px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.1);box-shadow:0 1px 4px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.1);position:fixed;overflow:visible;z-index:10000000;display:block;padding:10px;border-radius:4px;opacity:1;box-sizing:content-box!important}.heateor_sss_sharing_container a{padding:0!important;box-shadow:none!important;border:none!important}.heateorSssClear{clear:both}div.heateor_sss_bottom_sharing{margin-bottom:0}div.heateor_sss_sharing_container a:before{content:none}@media screen and (max-width:783px)#heateor_sss_sharing_more_providers .filter input.search{border:1px solid #ccc;width:92.8%}div.heateor_sss_sharing_container svg{width:100%;height:100%}.heateor_sss_vertical_sharing span.heateor_sss_svg{color:#fff;border-width:0;border-style:solid;border-color:transparent}@media screen and (max-width:783px){.heateor_sss_vertical_sharing{display:none!important}}@media screen and (max-width:783px){div.heateor_sss_bottom_sharing{width:100%!important;left:0!important}div.heateor_sss_bottom_sharing a{width:50%!important}div.heateor_sss_bottom_sharing .heateor_sss_svg{width:100%!important}.heateor_sss_bottom_sharing{padding:0!important;display:block!important;width:auto!important;bottom:-2px!important;top:auto!important}}:-webkit-full-screen-ancestor{-webkit-animation:none!important;animation:none!important;-webkit-animation-fill-mode:none!important;animation-fill-mode:none!important}:root{--tcb-background-author-image:url(https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e01e4778dda649646e7a923bf18d3179?s=256&d=mm&r=g);--tcb-background-user-image:url();--tcb-background-featured-image-thumbnail:url(https://les6doigtsdelamain.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/expliquer-aux-enfants.jpg)}html body [data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello']:before{font-family:'entypo-fontello'}
Une solution qui n’aurait pas été la mienne ! - Les 6 doigts de la main
Cette semaine, je suis allée passer la matinée dans une grand parc avec Léon et Anatole (5 et 3 ans) qui n’ont plus école.
Nous avons été rejoints par une amie dont la fille a l’âge d’Anatole.
Ils jouent tous les trois, ensemble ou pas, selon les moments.
Tout se passe plutôt bien.
Arrive cependant le moment où Anatole vient me voir pour me demander de l’aider à récupérer son avion, que la petite lui a pris. En effet, Emma est en train de jouer avec Léon un peu plus loin, et ils ont chacun un avion.
Le problème, c’est que j’ai apporté deux avions, pas trois !
Je m’approche donc des enfants et commence ma démarche de résolution de problème : “Emma, Anatole a envie de jouer avec son avion…. Le problème, Anatole, c’est qu’Emma a aussi envie de jouer avec l’avion. En fait, on a deux avions, et il y a trois enfants, quelle solution pourriez-vous trouver ? ”
C’est la phrase clef : en effet, quand j’explique cette démarche de résolution de conflit, j’insiste toujours auprès des parents sur le fait qu’il faut essayer de laisser la porte ouverte aux enfants pour qu’ils trouvent leur propre solution. Parfois elle est très proche de ce que nous aurions essayé de mettre en place, parfois non ! Le fait de les encourager à résoudre eux-mêmes la question a de multiples avantages :
ça les entraine à entrer dans la démarche de résolution ça leur prouve qu’ils en sont capables ça les implique beaucoup plus, et leur permet en particulier de prendre en compte leurs besoins, même lorsqu’ils ne les ont pas bien exprimés. J’attends donc leurs propositions.
Emma déclare : “Je peux jouer un moment avec, et puis ensuite le lui donner pour qu’il puisse jouer.”
Bien sûr, ça me parait une bonne solution, mais je ne pose aucun jugement, et demande :
“Ca te conviendrait ça, Anatole ?
– Non, moi je veux pas qu’elle joue avec.”
Bon… mon Anatole, qui n’est pas dans son assiette, n’est pas très flexible aujourd’hui…
“Emma, cette solution ne convient pas à Anatole.
Léon, est-ce que toi tu voudrais prêter ton avion à Emma ?
– hum.. laisse-moi réfléchir… Je sais ! On peut donner les 2 avions à Anatole, et Emma et moi, on va jouer sur ces jouets-là !”
Après vérification, tout le monde est d’accord pour cette solution !
Voilà bien une solution à laquelle je n’aurais jamais pensé !
Il s’avère que le besoin de Léon et Emma était de jouer ensemble, plus que d’avoir l’avion.
Je me félicite de leur avoir laissé le champ libre !
27 mai 2017 /
https://i0.wp.com/les6doigtsdelamain.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/IMG_2929.jpg?fit=640%2C480&ssl=1
480
640
Coralie
https://les6doigtsdelamain.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/logo-horizontal-small-300x218.png
Coralie 2017-05-27 23:34:36 2021-10-18 10:40:23 Une solution qui n’aurait pas été la mienne !
Atelier éducation positive en 2 séances de 4h ! – mai Etre un « enfant », le poids de l’étiquette Faire défiler vers le haut
Trackbacks (rétroliens) & Pingbacks
[…] on en arrive à cette phrase-clé, nécessaire dans toutes ces conversations : « Qu’est-ce qu’on peut […]
Laisser un commentaire
Rejoindre la discussion?N’hésitez pas à contribuer !